İnşaat sektörü, dünyada en çok kaza eğilimi olan sektörlerden biridir. Aslında, dünyanın en tehlikeli endüstrilerinden kabul edilir. İnşaat, tehlikeli doğası ve onu kazalara karşı savunmasız hale getiren çeşitli faktörler nedeniyle yüksek riskli bir sektör olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu postta alınması gereken tedbirlerin öneminden bahsedeceğiz.
Risk assessment is a systematic process of evaluating hazards and risks in the workplace to identify what could happen and how likely it is to occur. It includes identification of hazards, identification of controls and their effectiveness to prevent or control the risk.
The aim of risk assessment is to identify possible hazards that may result in accidents or injuries in order to eliminate or reduce them by implementing control measures.
Risk assessments are conducted at different stages of planning, e.g., during design stage; during construction stage; after completion of construction project etc.
This is one of the most important parts of safety management systems. You need to identify hazards and risks, then develop procedures to eliminate or reduce them.
Identify hazards and risks
Develop procedures to eliminate or reduce hazards and risks
Develop procedures to control hazards and risks
Develop procedures to monitor hazards and risks
Develop procedures to report and investigate hazards and risks
Develop procedures to review and improve hazardous conditions in construction sites
What is an OHS policy?
An OHS policy is a statement of management’s commitment to provide a safe and healthy working environment for all employees, contractors, visitors and other workers at site. It contains the overall objectives of the organization, how each objective will be achieved and what resources will be used to achieve it.
Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) Policy is the cornerstone of any effective OHS Management System. The purpose is to create unity among employees, managers and the organization on matters relating to occupational health & safety matters.
Importance of an OHS policy
A well-designed OHS policy provides direction on how the company wants to manage health and safety issues in its workplace (i.e., operations). This can help reduce risks associated with accidents or occupational injuries among employees who work in construction sites as well as safeguard their property from damage caused by such incidents.
How to develop an OHS policy
A good way of ensuring that your company produces high quality products is by adopting rigorous safety measures throughout the entire production process so that there are no disruptions due to unnecessary accidents occurring during work hours.
For example, you may need to make sure that workers follow proper protocols when handling heavy machinery like cranes or bulldozers so they don't get hurt while operating them. In addition, you might also need some kind of training program where all staff members can learn new skills related specifically toward these types equipment before using them out in field conditions.
The planning and implementation of objectives for improvement of OHS management system shall be in accordance with the following principles:
Objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound;
Action plans should be developed to achieve the objectives;
Action plans should be reviewed regularly to ensure that they are being achieved.
The importance of training and education to an organization’s OHS management system cannot be over-emphasized. In fact, it is one of the key elements that makes a good OHS management system a great one.
Training and education are not only meant to provide employees with information on how they should behave in order to stay safe at work but also create awareness among them about accidents or injuries that occur in the workplace, its causes as well as ways of preventing them from happening again.
They can be conducted in various ways such as on-the-job training through demonstration by experienced workers; lecture courses led by qualified trainers; hands-on practical sessions where trainees learn through doing some specific tasks under the supervision of experienced personnel; videos; workshops etc...The content should include topics such as:
How to identify hazards - what could cause harm if not handled properly? What precautions should be taken when handling these? How do you handle these safely?
How much exposure time is legally allowed before taking a break? Why take breaks between periods of exposure? What happens if we don't take breaks often enough (or at all)? What are some signs that show when it's time for another break? How do I know whether I'm lacking sleep due to fatigue caused by working long hours without taking breaks?"
Measuring the safety performance of a company is an essential part of a successful health and safety management system. This involves using different methods for monitoring, evaluating and improving OHS practices. These include:
Safety performance indicators (SPIs)
These are quantitative measures that can be used to track progress towards achieving specified levels of risk reduction in a particular area over time. The most commonly used SPI is lost-time injury frequency rate (LTIFR) which looks at the number of injuries or illnesses occurring per 100 equivalent full-time workers over an established period of time (usually one year).
Another commonly used measure is incident rates per million man hours worked (MMIHW), which takes into account how long people work on site as well as the number of incidents they experience while there. Safety audits by competent persons or bodies.
Peer reviews.
Safety management is conducted to provide a healthy working environment to reduce the rate of accidents especially occupational related injuries and illnesses. Safety management contributes to organisational success as well as personal effectiveness through a system approach for long term risk management.
Safety management systems should be implemented in construction sites to reduce the accidents and other hazardous events which can cause loss of lives of workers.
Safety Management Systems (SMS) are a set of interconnected activities, processes, procedures and tools that support the achievement of goals related to safety performance. It is an effective method for preventing accidents and minimizing their impact on people and property. The SMS can be applied across different project life cycles; planning, design/construction/commissioning, operation/maintenance phase or over all lifecycle of the project.
According to the management theory that seeks to ensure that organisations meet their goals in an effective , efficient and safe manner there are severel key elements in managing safety. These include:
Planning: This is the process where you identify hazards and risks, determine what actions will be implemented to manage them and take into consideration stakeholder views.
Organising: Organizing involves identifying who needs to do what, when, where and how it should be done. It involves establishing roles for all personnel involved with a particular project such as construction workers, designers or engineers etc., deciding who is responsible for each job role (the person doing it), how they will work together as well as communicating clear instructions on what needs doing through regular meetings or emails which can help avoid mistakes being made during projects making sure everybody knows exactly which tasks they need completing at certain times so things don't get delayed unnecessarily; this saves time money costs money.
Supervision: The third element of managing safety is supervision. Supervisors need to monitor the progress being made by workers towards achieving goals and objectives while maintaining high standards of workmanship and productivity.
They also need to ensure that all equipment is properly maintained so that it does not malfunction when needed most by workers who may be at risk if there is no proper maintenance done on equipment before use by employees at a workplace or during a business operation which involves machinery or equipment operated by humans like forklift trucks or cranes used at construction sites.
Employee involvement: The involvement of employees at all levels is important in any project. They should feel responsible for their task and must participate in identifying hazards and taking corrective action.
Management responsibility: Management should take responsibility for managing safety and put appropriate procedures in place to ensure that this happens. They should also ensure that all managers enforce these procedures consistently throughout the organisation.
Control and review: A safety plan should be put into place which describes how hazards will be controlled, who will do what and when it will be done. This plan should then be reviewed regularly to check whether it is effective or not. If necessary, changes should be made if it is found that something is not working properly or does not work at all.
Training: All employees have a responsibility for their own safety as well as others around them. Therefore, training is essential so that they know what to do when an unexpected event happens.
Safety management contributes to organisational success as well as personal effectiveness through a system approach for long term risk management. The system approach is proactive, involving all members of the organisation, not just those directly involved in safety. It provides for continual improvement and involves everyone's commitment to achieve zero harm at work.
Safety management systems are a key tool in improving workplace health and safety performance and protecting employees from injury or illness caused by work activities. Safety management systems give employers the opportunity to exceed legislative requirements while providing employees with a safe working environment that promotes their health and wellbeing, supports productivity, promotes good industrial relations and reduces costs associated with injuries or illnesses related to work activities.